Such overwrites are possible when a library function called inside askUser() does not perform correct bounds checking, often in string operations. If an attacker can overwrite this Return Pointer, they can redirect the execution flow of the program, often to a location the attacker desires. When the return (RET) instruction is called at the end of askUser(), the return pointer will be popped off the stack and placed into the instruction pointer (EIP in 32 bit architecture). When a function is called in a compiled binary (see line 2), the address of the next instruction inside main() will first be pushed onto the stack. The main() function calls askUser(), which in turn has a local variable called name of size 100 into which a user input is being read through gets(). This is a simple C program that has a main() function and an askUser() function. The functionality of the program is not important, we are mainly interested in the execution flow in memory. This class of attacks makes use of unsafe functions (usually in C or C++) that allow writing of arbitrary content outside a designated area of memory.Ĭonsider the following snippets of code. Prelim – buffer overflowsīefore we discuss stack canaries, we must first introduce buffer overflows. For this article, we will be using a simple C program on a 32 bit Linux system. We will be looking at 32 and 64 bit binaries, assembly (though no fluency is expected), /GS.
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